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          This is a micrograph of a blood smear containing Yersinia pestis plague bacteria.  Note the characteristic bipolar, "safety-pin"-like appearance of the Y. pestis organisms. People usually get plague from being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium, or by handling an infected animal.  Content provider: CDC/Dr. Jack Poland

          This 2005 photograph of the CDC’s Dr. Terrence Tumpey, one of the organization’s staff microbiologists and a member of the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), showed him examining reconstructed 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus inside a specimen vial containing an orange-colored supernatant culture medium.  Content provider: CDC.  Photo Credit: James Gathany

          This picture is a photomicrograph of mild meningitis along with hemorrhage and the presence of Bacillus anthracis in a case of fatal human anthrax. Content provided: CDC/Dr. Marshal Fox

         This is a picture of Brucella melitensis colonies. Content provider: CDC/ Courtesy of Larry Stauffer, Oregon State Public Health Laboratory

           This is a photograph of Arnold Steigerwalt, a research chemist with the CDC’s Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch (MSPB) in the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID), shown here as he was performing a DNA-DNA hybridization analysis in one of the CDC’s laboratories.  Content provider: CDC/ Maryam I. Daneshvar, Ph.D.  Photo Credit: James Gathany

          This photomicrograph shows hepatitis caused by the Lassa virus, using toluidine-blue azure II stain.  Content provider: CDC/Dr. W. Winn

Written Documents

National Academy of Engineering Factsheet: “Biological Attack,” 2004.

Where do biological agents originate?
What's the difference between "infectious" and "contagious"?
How long after exposure will symptoms appear?

Transportation Research Board, "Detecting Bioterrorism in Real Time Intuition (Issue 7 Fall 2004)

Transportation Research Board, “Sensing DangerIntuition (Issue 7 Fall 2004)

The Presidents of the National Academies,Science and Security in an Age of Terrorism,” 2002

PowerPoint

Education and Raising Awareness:
Challenges for Responsible Stewardship of Dual Use Research in the Life Sciences
September 8-9, 2005 (
Learn more…)

Presentations:
Click on name to view/download Powerpoint presentations

Case studies #3 – Professional education/outreach programs
Ronald Atlas

University of Louisville

 

Case studies #1 – Examples with a research emphasis
Gigi Kwik Gronwall

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center

What is "issue framing" and what does this concept offer us?
Kathy Bonk

Communications Consortium Media Center

 

Case studies #1 – Examples with a research emphasis
Brian Rappert

University of Exeter

Case studies #2 – Undergraduate/graduate education
Sam Bozzette

RAND/University of California, San Diego

 

Case studies #2 – Undergraduate/graduate education
Mike Stebbins

Federation of American Scientists

Opening remarks on types and varieties of codes
Malcolm Dando

University of Bradford

 

 

Audio

News and Terrorism: Biological Attacks
February 1, 2008

Since September 11, 2001, the United States has been more mindful of the potential risks to the security of our nation. This podcast is the last in a series of four fact sheets produced to inform the media and public about the different types, potential impact, and how to protect themselves from these risks.

 


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Science and Security in a Post 9/11 World: A Report Based on Regional Discussions Between the Science and Security Communities
October 18, 2007

To strengthen the essential role that science and technology play in maintaining national and economic security, the United States should ensure the open exchange of unclassified research despite the small risk that it could be misused for harm by terrorists or rogue nations, says a new report by the National Research Council.

 


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Treating Infectious Diseases in a Microbial World
May 8, 2007

Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.

 


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Biological Parts Warehouse
December 10, 2006

For your home projects, you can find standard nuts and bolts at the hardware store. But there’s been no stock of pre-sized parts for bioengineers, until now.

 


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Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences

January 31, 2006 (Running Time: 00:36:04)

Vigilance among the world's scientists, an expanded view of bioterrorism threats, and a stronger public health infrastructure are needed to reduce the growing risk that new advances in the life sciences and related technologies will be used to create novel biological weapons or misused by careless individuals, says a report from the National Research Council and Institute of Medicine.

 


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Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism

October 8, 2003 (Running Time: 0:58:25)

Research in the life sciences has fueled advances that have fostered gains in public health and in the development of detection methods to improve America's defenses against biological threats. But some of the technologies that lead to medical benefits also could be used to create biological weapons. To minimize the potential for hostile nations or terrorists to misuse such research, the United States needs to build on existing measures within the scientific community to screen plans for certain types of experiments before they are conducted, says a new report from the National Academies' National Research Council.

 

Real Audio

Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection, and Response

March 18, 2003 (Running Time: 0:52:26)

The nation should take decisive steps to fortify its public health system to tackle microbes that trigger infectious diseases such as West Nile encephalitis, AIDS, and tuberculosis, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. In addition, the U.S. government should play a significant role in building the capacity of poor countries to monitor, prevent, and respond to disease outbreaks. In the developing world, infectious diseases kill one in every two people.

 

Real Audio

The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work?

March 6, 2002 (Running Time: 0:37:09)

The current anthrax vaccine is safe and effective, but certain drawbacks - including reliance on older vaccine technology and a six-dose vaccination schedule over 18 months - underscore the need for a better vaccine, says a new report from the National Academies' Institute of Medicine. The current vaccine can continue to be used, but the U.S. Department of Defense should vigorously support research efforts not only to improve the way it is administered, but also to develop an alternative.

 

Real Audio

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