Workshop on Strategies for the Preservation of and
Open Access to Digital Scientific Data

Speakers’ Biographies

William L. Anderson is a cofounder of Praxis101, where his consulting practice focuses on user-centered information systems architecture, participatory design, software engineering practice innovation, and organizational learning. Before founding Praxis101 he worked for Xerox Corporation in distributed system architecture, technology strategy, and advanced product development. He pioneered co-development and customer collaboration on one of the first digital libraries, a joint project between Cornell University and Xerox. He has published papers on digital library product development, participatory design of product prototypes, and software development practices and tools. Prior to Xerox, Dr. Anderson worked in the telecom, image management, and pharmaceutical industries. Dr. Anderson holds a Ph.D. in Theoretical Chemistry from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He is a member of the U.S. National Committee for the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) and co-chair of the CODATA Task Group on Preservation and Archiving of Scientific and Technical Data in Developing Countries.

Yasuyuki Aoshima is director and representative of UNESCO Office Beijing. He has an academic background in engineering sciences with a doctorate of engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1977. From 1970 to 1975 he worked as teaching and research assistant at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne. From January 1976 to February 1982 he worked as engineer at the Nippon Kokan (steel making, ship-building and construction company), Tokyo. He joined UNESCO in February 1982 as senior purchasing officer until 1988 when he became the chief of budgetary control and monitoring at the Section of Fellowships and Equipment Division. In 1993 he became chief of the Fellowship Section of UNESCO for a few months before being transferred to the Natural Science Sector as senior programme specialist at the Engineering and Technology Division responsible for the University-Industry-Science-Partnership programme (UNISPAR) assisting also the World Solar Programme. From October 1997 to September 2001 he worked as senior programme specialist in Science, Technology and Informatics division in the Jakarta field office. In September 2001 he was transferred to the Beijing Office as the director and representative of UNESCO to the People’s Republic of China, Mongolia, the Republic of Korea, Japan, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea.

Ted Bergstrom holds the Raznick Chair in Economics at the University of California Santa Barbara. A native of Minnesota, he has an undergraduate degree in mathematics from Carleton College, and a Ph.D. in economics from Stanford University. His first employment was in the economics department at Washington University in St. Louis Missouri. In 1975 he moved to the University of Michigan, where he was a professor of economics until 1997, when he moved to UCSB. Professor Bergstrom’s interests within economics range widely over pure and applied microeconomic theory. Topics which have been central to his recent research include biology and economics, theory of public economics, and the economics of scholarly information.

Dora Ann Lange Canhos is the Project Director of the Centro de Referencia em Informacio Ambiental (Reference Center on Environmental Information, www.cria.org.br). She has been working with databases and online information systems since 1985. She has been involved with biodiversity information networks since 1992, as a member of BIN21 (Biodiversity Information Network - Agenda 21) and responsible for its web site, and serving as technical coordinator of the project BINbr (Biodiversity Information Network - Brazil) for the Ministry of the Environment from May 1997 to April 2001. She is also member of the Clearing-House Mechanism Informal Advisory Committee (http://www.biodiv.org/) and of the Liaison Working Group of the Biosafety Clearing-House (http://bch.biodiv.org/), both of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Currently at CRIA, Dr. Canhos is a member of the developing team of the speciesLink network http://splink.cria.org.br/).

Vishwas Chavan works at the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, India in the field of Biodiversity Informatics developing tools and standards to improve infrastructure and capacity building in collection, collation, analysis, prediction and dissemination of knowledge. Mr. Chavan has been using information and communication technologies to create collaboratory environment for biologists and ecologists ensuring that rate of exchange and sharing of information on biotic resources improves. One of the significant and impact making activity that Vishwas is leading is development of Electronic Catalogue of Known Indian Fauna (IndFauna), which aims to collates baseline information about 90000 known faunal species in India. Prior to joining NCL, Vishwas was employed at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad facilitating the activities of Bioinformatics Centre and preparing a master plan for bioinformatics activities. He has published more than 60 research and review papers, and developed a dozen databases and program packages that have been employed in the service of the scientific community. Vishwas received a Fulbright Professional Fellowship in Information Sciences & Technology (2000-2001), during which he was closely associated with the U.S. National Biological Information Infrastructure. He is also a member of the CODATA Task Group on Preservation and Archiving of Scientific and Technical Data in Developing Countries, and co-chair of the Information Management Committee of Global Invasive Species Program (GISP). Vishwas received a B.S. in zoology from N. Wadia College, after which he joined School of Environmental Sciences, University of Pune and received a M.S. degree in environmental sciences in June 1990.

Michael T. Clegg received his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in agricultural genetics and genetics respectively at the University of California, Davis. In 1972 he joined the faculty of Brown University moving from there to the University of Georgia in 1976. In 1984, he assumed his present position as Professor of Genetics at the University of California, Riverside. He also served as Dean of the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences from 1994 to 2000 and he is founding Director of the Genomics Institute and at the University of California, Riverside. Professor Clegg’s research specialty is population genetics and molecular evolution. His early work in population genetics focused on the dynamical behavior of linked systems of genes in plant and Drosophila populations. During this period, he also contributed to the theoretical study of multilocus systems employing computer simulations together with the analysis of mathematical models. Later he helped pioneer the comparative analysis of cholorplast DNA variation as a tool for the reconstruction of plant phylogenies. His current work is concerned with the comparative genomics of plant gene families, the molecular evolution of genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, the use of coalescent models to study crop plant domestication and the application of molecular markers to avocado improvement. Professor Clegg was elected to membership in the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 1990 and he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1992. He was elected foreign secretary of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2002. He has also served as president of the American Genetic Association (1987) and the International Society for Molecular Biology & Evolution (2002), and chair of the Section on Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2003).

James Edwards is the executive secretary of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), an intergovernmental organization devoted to making biodiversity data freely and openly available via the Internet. He is also the director of the GBIF Secretariat in Copenhagen, Denmark. He received his B.S. (1967) and Ph.D. (1976) degrees from the University of California at Berkeley. His research interests are the systematics and functional morphology of amphibians and fishes, and biodiversity informatics. From 1974-1976, Dr. Edwards was an instructor in the Biology Department at Queens College of the City University of New York, and from 1976-1982 he was an assistant and associate professor in the Zoology Department at Michigan State University. In 1982, he took a position in the Directorate for Biological Sciences at the US National Science Foundation (NSF), which funds the vast majority of non-medical biological research at U.S. colleges and universities. While at the NSF, he served successively as program director for several programs (Systematic Biology, Biological Research Resources, Field Stations and Marine Laboratories, and Biotic Surveys and Inventories), as deputy division director for Biotic Systems and Resources, and as deputy assistant director for Biological Sciences. In the latter capacity, he was the second-in-command of a yearly budget of approximately $500 million. Dr. Edwards served on several federal task forces, and was the chair of an interagency steering committee on biological and ecological informatics. He also chaired a working group on Biological Informatics of the Megascience Forum of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which in 1999 recommended the formation of the GBIF. Dr. Edwards then chaired the Interim Steering Committee that developed the Memorandum of Understanding for the organization and recruited the requisite number of governmental members and funding to allow it to come into existence in March, 2001. Currently, he is on a five-year leave of absence from NSF in order to serve as the executive secretary of GBIF.

Helen J. Doyle is the director of Development and Strategic Alliances for the Public Library of Science. As former director of the Science Program at the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Helen J. Doyle developed and managed grant-making programs in basic and interdisciplinary academic research, higher education and diversity, science and technology for international development, and science education. Helen spent nearly ten years in New York City, where she majored in biochemistry at Barnard College and received her Ph.D. in biological sciences from Columbia University for her work on Drosophila developmental genetics. She then spent two years as a postdoctoral fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tubingen, Germany. Returning to her native California, Helen continued her research on early development and cell communication with J. Michael Bishop at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). While a postdoc at UCSF, Helen developed a strong interest in public understanding of science and science education reform issues. She joined UCSF’s Science & Health Education Partnership as an academic coordinator, working with San Francisco public schools and the university to improve science, math and health education. She has also taught at various institutions, including UC Berkeley, Mills College, and the California Academy of Sciences.

Julie M. Esanu is a program officer for the Office of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs (ISTIP) at the U.S. National Academies. Her emphasis is policy and management issues related to digital scientific and technical data and information, primarily through the support of the U.S. National Committee for CODATA. Julie is the co-editor two recent and related National Academies reports, including Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data for Science: Proceedings of a Symposium (National Academies Press, forthcoming) and The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain: Proceedings of a Symposium (NAP, 2003). She has provided program and research support to other National Academies’ projects examining the role of remote sensing research and applications; reviewing C4I planning for the Department of Defense; assessing the research programs at the Army Research Laboratory; and examining the allocation of federal research and development funds. Julie received her B.A. in political science and international affairs from the George Washington University.

Zukang Feng received a Ph.D. in biophysics at Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, China in 1991. In 1994, he was awarded Lise Meitner Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the Austrian Science Foundation and completed postdoctoral research at the University of Salzburg, Austria. In 1996, Dr. Feng joined the Nucleic Acid Database (NDB) project at the laboratory of Professor Helen Berman of Rutgers University. In this position he developed the first package of programs that validate nucleic acid structural data and automate data processing systems. In 1998 he joined the Protein Data Bank (PDB) project. Dr. Feng is presently the leader of software development for both PDB and NDB projects and is responsible for the curation and annotation of the data that are received and distributed worldwide.

Shuichi Iwata is professor of data science and environmental engineering at the University of Tokyo and president of CODATA, the Committee on Data for Science and Technology, a term he holds until 2006. Dr. Iwata received his doctorate in nuclear engineering from the University of Tokyo in 1975. He has served in various capacities at the University of Tokyo, including lecturer, associate professor, and head of the Metallurgical Division (1978-1981) of the Engineering Research Institute; associate professor of nuclear fuels and materials (1981-1991); professor of materials design (1991-1992), Department of Nuclear Engineering; professor of design science (1992-2002), director (1997-2000), and professor of life cycle engineering (2002-2003) at the RACE (Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering) Center; and professor of Design Science of Materials (2003-2004), Quantum Engineering and Systems Science, School of Engineering. He served as a guest researcher in FIZ-Karlsruhe, Germany from October 1985 to October 1986. His work includes researches on design science of materials and engineering products, nuclear fuels and materials and materials databases.  He has also served as project leader and coordinator in the fields of materials databases and materials design.  Dr. Iwata serves a chairman of JSPS 122 Committee and member of SCJ Liaison Committee. He is a member of the Academic Societies for the Japan Institute of Metals, the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, Japan Society of Energy and Resources, the Physical Society of Japan, Information Processing Society of Japan, and the Atomic Energy Society of Japan. He received the Promotion of Science and Technology Information Award from JST in 1998, a Paper Award from the Japan Institute of Metals in 1999, and the GIW Best Paper Award in 2003.

Menas Kafatos is dean of the School of Computational Sciences at George Mason University. The School is an interdisciplinary academic unit that provides graduate, state of the art education and training in the biological and physical sciences, with an emphasis on the computational and data analysis techniques and methodologies. He also directs the Center for Earth Observing and Space Research, a center that focuses on both Earth and space sciences research and applications. Kafatos has broad interests in astrophysics, cosmology, Earth systems science, data systems, foundations of quantum theory and neuroscience. Author or editor of 12 books, and more than 180 articles, he is the recipient of sizable grants in a variety of areas. He is the principal investigator of the VAccess/ Mid-Atlantic Geospatial Information Consortium funded by NASA, which provides access to remote sensing and other data and information products to a variety of State and local agencies.

Anne M. Linn is a senior program officer with the Board on Earth Sciences and Resources of the National Academies. She has been with the board since 1993, directing the USA World Data Center Coordination Office and staffing a wide variety of geophysical and data policy studies. In addition, she is the secretary of the International Council for Science’s (ICSU’s) Panel on World Data Centers, and a member of the ICSU Ad Hoc Committee on Data. Prior to joining the staff of the National Academies, Dr. Linn was a visiting scientist at the Carnegie Institution of Washington and a postdoctoral geochemist at the University of California, Berkeley. She received a Ph.D. in geology from the University of California, Los Angeles.

Roberta Balstad Miller is senior research scientist at Columbia University and director of the Center for International Earth Science Information Network. Dr. Miller has published extensively on science policy, information technology and scientific research, remote sensing applications and policy, and the role of the social sciences in understanding global environmental change.  Dr. Miller received her Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1974.  She was appointed senior fellow at Oxford University in 1991-1992 and a guest scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 1994.  She was previously the director of the Division of Social and Economic Sciences at the National Science Foundation, the founder and first executive director of the Consortium of Social Science Associations (COSSA), and president/CEO of CIESIN prior to its joining Columbia University.  She has lectured widely, both in the United States and abroad.  From 1992 to 1994, she was vice president of the International Social Science Council and has also served as chair of the NRC Steering Committee on Space Applications and Commercialization, the NATO Advisory Panel on Advanced Scientific Workshops/Advanced Research Institutes, the AAAS Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy, and the Advisory Committee of the Luxembourg Income Study.  She currently serves on the Board of Directors of the OpenGIS Consortium and the Advisory Board of the Stellenbosch Institute of Advanced Studies (South Africa). 

Lulama Makhubela has more than twenty years of professional activism as ex-professor in Information Science in various universities, including the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. She has consulted in library and information services with a specific focus on collection development policies, information literacy and ICTs in teaching. She served as a board member in several national bodies and is currently a member of national committees in research and development, information and data related matters. Dr. Makhubela is currently head of the Research and Development Directorate at the National Development Agency (NDA) a position that she took in October 2003. NDA is an agency of the South African Government tasked with eradicating poverty in poor communities. She is tasked with a challenge of developing the South African Poverty Data Center. Dr. Makhubela is a member of the CODATA Task Group on Preservation and Archiving of Scientific and Technical Data in Developing Countries.

Raymond A. McCord is an environmental information manager in the Environmental Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Dr. McCord has been a staff member at ORNL for 18 years. During this time, he managed the development and operation of three major environmental information systems supporting environmental research, restoration, compliance, and assessment. Dr. McCord was also responsible for establishing a geographic information system (GIS) center within the Division. Currently, Dr. McCord is manager of the data archive for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Program. This archive contains more than 6,000,000 data files (~30 TB of storage) of information about meteorology, atmospheric physics, and cloud formation. The ARM Program is a major component of DOE's global climate change research program. Prior to working at ORNL, Dr. McCord was employed as an information analyst at SAIC in Oak Ridge. Dr. McCord received his Ph.D. in ecology from the University of Tennessee in 1980.

Jerome Reichman is Bunyan S. Womble Professor of Law at Duke Law School. He has written and lectured widely on diverse aspects of intellectual property law, including comparative and international intellectual property law and the connections between intellectual property and international trade law. His articles in this area have particularly addressed the problems that developing countries face in implementing the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). Other recent writings have focused on intellectual property rights in data; the appropriate contractual regime for online delivery of computer programs and other information goods; and on the use of liability rules to stimulate investment in innovation without impoverishing the public domain. His most recent articles are "The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization of Global Public Goods" (co-authored with Keith Maskus), 7 Journal of International Economic Law No. 2 (forthcoming, 2004) and "A Contractually Reconstructed Research Commons for Scientific Data in a Highly Protectionist Intellectual Property Environment" (co-authored with Paul Uhlir), 66 Law and Contemporary Problems 315-462 (2003). Professor Reichman serves as special advisor to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the International Council for Science (ICSU) on the subject of legal protection for databases. He is an academic advisor to the American Committee for Interoperable Systems (ACIS); a consultant to the Technology Program of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); and a member of the Board of Editors, Journal of International Economic Law.

Paul G. Richards was born in the United Kingdom and obtained a Bachelor's degree in mathematics at the University of Cambridge before coming to the United States in 1965, where he obtained his Ph.D. in seismology at the California Institute of Technology. Richards has been a professor at Columbia University since 1971, teaching and doing research in all aspects of seismology. He has co-authored a major seismology textbook (translated into Chinese), and for the last five years has specialized in practical methods to obtain accurate locations for the thousands of earthquakes that occur each year in East Asia. He has received fellowships from the Sloan, Guggenheim, and MacArthur Foundations; and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.

Steve Rossouw graduated from the Universities of Pretoria, Cape Town and Stellenbosch with a DPhil in Information Science.  Prof. Rossouw was the executive director of the Information Center, Medical Research Council from 1975-1992. He is presently a professor of Information Studies at Cape Technikon, a position he has held since 1992.

Peter Schröder studied sociology (mental health and epidemiology as minors) at the University of Amsterdam. He worked as a journalist and rock critic before joining the Ministry of Education and Science as policy advisor for educational support systems. After a stay at Utrecht University managing the multidisciplinary Urban Networks research program, he rejoined the Ministry’s Directorate of Research and Science Policy as policy advisor on social sciences and information policies. Focusing on issues of access to data and information for research he acted as secretary of the Auditor General’s committee advising on privacy protection in scientific research that led to the establishment of the Scientific Statistical Agency in The Netherlands. As coordinator for information policy he is involved in e-science programs for cultural heritage and humanities. Peter Schröder was co-chair of the CSTP/OECD group that published the report Promoting Access to Public Research Data for Scientific, Economic and Social Development (March 2003, see http://dataaccess.ucsd.edu and see also Science, Vol.303, 1777-1778, 19 March 2004) and secretary to the OECD group that framed the draft Guidelines on Access to Research Data from Public Funding in the Declaration endorsed by OECD science ministers at their meeting on 30 January 2004 in Paris (see http://www.oecd.org/document/15/0,2340,en_2649_34487_25998799_1_1_1_1,00.html ).

Belinda Seto joined the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) as its deputy director in December 2003. The NIBIB, a component of the National Institutes of Health, improves human health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies. The Institute is committed to integrating the physical and engineering sciences with the life sciences to advance basic research and medical care. In her position, Dr. Seto oversees NIBIB’s programs, priorities, resources, policies, and research dissemination efforts. Prior to joining the NIBIB, Dr. Seto served as the acting deputy director for Extramural Research, National Institute of Health (NIH), as well as the director of the Office of Extramural Research (OER). OER serves as the focal point for policies and guidelines for extramural research grants administration. Prior to joining OER, Dr. Seto held positions in other components of the NIH, as well as in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, DHHS. She earned her Ph.D. in biochemistry at Purdue University in 1974. Following postdoctoral training in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Dr. Seto joined the Food and Drug Administration where she conducted research in virology for nearly 10 years. She is the recipient of numerous awards for her research, including the DHHS Secretary's Award for Exceptional Achievement, Inventor's Awards, NIH Director’s awards, and she is listed in the American Men and Women of Science. Dr. Seto has served on numerous NIH and interagency committees, and is a member of several professional societies including the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Pippa Smart has worked in academic publishing for over 17 years in both the commercial and non-commercial sectors. She has experience in print and electronic production, business and publishing development, and, in her current role for INASP, works in an advisory role with publishers in less developed countries. She is also the chair of the Professional Development Committee of the Association of Learned, Professional and Society Publishers (ALPSP), and sits on its Council.

Carthage Smith is deputy executive director of the International Council for Science (ICSU), which is an international non-governmental organization, whose membership includes national science bodies and international scientific unions. ICSU’s mission is to strengthen international science for the benefit of society. It achieves this by: 1) planning and coordinating international science programmes and 2) representing the science community in international policy fora. Carthage has been at ICSU since 2001 and his activities have included leading ICSU’s representation at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS, Geneva, December 2003). Prior to joining ICSU, he was head of the International Section at the Medical Research Council in the United Kingdom. Originally trained as a biochemist, his Ph.D. and research background are in neuroscience.

Paul F. Uhlir, J.D., is director of the Office of International Scientific and Technical Information Programs at the U.S. National Academies in Washington, DC, where he has worked in various senior professional capacities since 1984. Paul’s area of emphasis is on issues at the interface of science, technology, and law, with primary focus on digital information policy and management. He is currently organizing a series of projects on policy issues concerning open access to public scientific information at both the national and international levels, as well as a series of workshops on data management and policy issues in developing countries. He also has been the National Academies’ coordinator on intellectual property-related activities. Paul has published 23 reports through the National Academies, and over 50 articles. Prior to joining the National Academies, he worked as a foreign affairs officer at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on international remote sensing law and policy issues. Additional information about Paul’s activities may be found at: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/biso/ISTIP.html.

Henda van der Berg is with the National Research Foundation in South Africa where she is responsible for the Content Resources Function (Information and Data) within the Information Strategy and Advice Unit. She qualified with a honours in library and information science in 1976 from the University of South Africa. She has extensive experience in metadata descriptions and international standards from 1971 until 1991. From 1993, Ms. van der Berg worked in the field of database management and database development. She is a developer of the Nexus Database System Portal and databases. She is a member of the Steering Committee for the South African Data Centre for Oceanography and of an expert advisory group that served as a Reference Group for the Institutional Research Information System (IRIS) tasked with the Data Specification Project of the Southern African Research & Innovation Management Association. Her professional memberships include the Library and Information Association for South Africa and SA Online User Group. Ms. van der Berg has published a number of publications in the field of current research information systems especially the analysis of data for the evaluation of user interfaces.

Peter N. Weiss began work with the Strategic Planning and Policy Office of National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, in March 2000. His responsibilities include domestic and international data policy issues, with a view towards fostering a healthy public/private partnership. Mr. Weiss was a senior policy analyst/attorney in the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, since 1991. Mr. Weiss analyzed policy and legal issues involving information resources and information technology management, with particular emphasis on Electronic Data Interchange and electronic commerce. He is primary author of the information policy sections of OMB Circular No. A-130, "Management of Federal Information Resources", and was a member of the Administration’s Electronic Commerce Working Group. (See “A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce”). From 1990-1991, Mr. Weiss was deputy associate administrator for Procurement Law, Office Federal Procurement Policy. In this position, he analyzed legal and policy issues affecting the procurement process. Major projects included examination of legal and regulatory issues involving procurement automation, policies and FAR revisions to facilitate EDI, as well as ADP procurement legal and policy issues. From 1985 to 1990, Mr. Weiss was the assistant chief counsel for Procurement and Regulatory Policy, Office of Advocacy, U.S. Small Business Administration. From 1981 to 1985, Mr. Weiss was in private practice in Washington, D.C. Mr. Weiss holds a B.A. from Columbia University and a J.D. from the Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law. Recent publications include “International Information Policy in Conflict: Open and Unrestricted Access versus Government Commercialization,” in Borders in Cyberspace, Kahin and Nesson, eds., MIT Press 1997; "Borders in Cyberspace: Conflicting Public Sector Information Policies and their Economic Impacts," in Georg Aichholzer/Herbert Burkert (eds.); and "Public sector information in the digital age: Between markets, public management and citizens' rights," Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing (2004).

Raymond J. Willemann is a senior technical advisor for GEM Technology in Washington, D.C. From 1998 to 2003, Dr. Willemann was director of the International Seismological Centre, a nongovernmental organization that collects, reanalyzes and redistributes parametric information on earthquakes from more than 100 seismic networks around the world. At the ISC, Dr. Willemann led a modernization effort that greatly increased the volume of data collected, improved the timeliness of data distribution, and offered new avenues for accessing data. Before joining the ISC, he was a senior scientist with Science Applications International Corporation, where he played a key role at the International Data Center for GSETT-3, an experiment in near-real-time international exchange of seismic data. Dr. Willemann is a member of the IASPEI Commission on Seismic Observation and Interpretation and the IASPEI Resolutions Committee, which formulated a resolution on sharing information on seismic station locations in 2003. He earned his Ph.D. in geophysics from Cornell University in 1986. He is a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and a member of the American Geophysical Union and the Seismological Society of America.

John Willinsky is currently the Pacific Press Professor of Literacy and Technology and Distinguished University Scholar in the Department of Language and Literacy Education at the University of British Columbia. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Education, as well as author of a number of books, including Technologies of Knowing and If Only We Knew: Increasing the Public Value of Social Science Research. Examples of his recent work, including open source software developed to improve the access and quality of research, are available at the Public Knowledge Project (http://pkp.ubc.ca), which he directs at UBC.